Interesting video with photographs of all nine children of Queen Victoria .
Quoted from blurb:-
Victoria "Vicky" 1840 - 1901
Albert Edward "Bertie" 1841 - 1910
Alice 1843 - 1878
Alfred "Affie" 1844 - 1900
Helena "Lenchen" 1846 - 1923
Louise 1848 - 1939
Arthur 1850 - 1942
Leopold 1853 - 1884
Beatrice "Baby" 1857 - 1944
All nine of them 0:08.
Vicky the Princess Royal Victoria, looks so very daring to hope here 0:16, before she married and experienced the hostility of Germany due to her being English! Funny, her father had faced the same for being German, and yet he was a first cousin of Victoria and the whole Hanover royal family was German too, which only changed slightly with Alexandra but turned back with Mary the next queen consort after Alexandra. Vicky had an unhappy life, on the whole, her husband died as Kaiser before coronation and never was in charge until too sick, and her son (cousin Willy to his cousins the other grandchildren of Queen Victoria) was much too abrasive to put it mildly.
Bertie the upright Prince of Wales 0:30 changes with years, to Bertie the sprightly young Prince of Wales 0:32, to Bertie the chafing at bit Prince of Wales 0:35, to Bertie the slightly frustrated for doing nothing while waiting as Prince of Wales 0:38, to Bertie the by now patient and resigned Edward VII finally 0:41.
Alice the delicate one who married into the Hesse and Darmstadt ruling Battenberg relatives and had children who were to go on to have such key positions in the tragic events to come and further, but didn't even survive to see them grow up! Her daughter Vicky, Princess Victoria of Hesse and Darmstadt, married her first cousin Louis Battenberg from the morganatic marriage of her uncle, and was to be the maternal grandmother to Philip via her daughter Alice whose own life was quite sad. Another daughter Ella, Princess Elizabeth of Hesse and Darmstadt married Sergei Romanov, uncle of Tsar to be Nicholas II who married the youngest one Alexandra, and the third daughter Irina married the brother of Kaiser Wilhelm and a cousin - all married their cousins, all married for love. As WWI came, the first casualty was the cutting off of the usual rounds of visits and other constant communications between various siblings and cousins across Europe, especially those living in England - which included the Battenberg clan members - severing connections with relatives in Germany, and then of course the gruesome murders of Ella, Alexandra and her family, and other Romanov cousins and relatives. Mother of Tsar Nicholas II, the dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna who survived, was a sister of Queen Alexandra of England, while grandmother empress Maria Fedorovna was a Battenberg Princess of Hesse and Darmstadt, sister of this Princess Alice's father in law.
Alfred 1:06 who married the Tsar's daughter Marie, a cousin through German relatives, thus making a trio of sibling pairs from royals of England, Russia and Denmark who intermarried each other and were three couples, Edward VII and Alexandra, Princess Dagmar 'Maria Fedorovna' and Tsar Alexander II, and Prince Alfred and Princess Marie of Russia. Alfred was duke of Edinburgh 1:16, later Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta. His daughter Marie was to be Queen of Romania, after her marriage with another German cousin. In August 1893, he inherited the duchy on the death of his childless uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His wife the Russian princess Marie had, from 1893 until her death, the distinction of being an Imperial Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British royal Duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign Duke.
Helena 1:34 the good-looking one.
Louise 1:41 had the most beautiful tiara especially designed and ordered for her by her husband at the wedding, the Fife tiara, that rivals the Russian and English royal tiaras in beauty and more. Wish the video had included a photograph of her wearing it.
Arthur 1:53 - 2:07.
Leopold 2:11 - 2:24.
Beatrice 2:25 - 2:40 the youngest married another Battenberg who was the younger brother of her niece Victoria's husband (son in law of the then late Princess alice who was her sister), and a first cousin of the Hesse and Darmstadt cousins.
These intermarriage of the various royal clans of Europe, not only amongst cousins but across generations and often with a sister marrying the nephew of a brother in law or an aunt marrying the younger brother of her sister's son in law, not to mention several intermarriage generation to generation so that people are simultaneously first cousins, second cousins, and more, are hard to keep track of without a 3D graph with multicolour threads to define relationships!
All five daughters of Victoria 2:43 - 2:48, and 2:48 - 2:52 all four sons. The sons together are all grown, while the daughters together are various ages, perhaps because once they began to marry and disperse across Europe and get busy with their own families, it was difficult to get them together in such a photograph.
If one didn't know, this could be any relatively well off family of the time 3:10 - 3:18!
This 3:35 is titled Leopold, Louise and Arthur - but obviously they are standing behind, with the group seated in front including their mother, the presumably new sister in law Alexandra, and a few of the grandchildren of Queen Victoria.
Alice and Bertie 3:51 - Alice the great-grandmother of Philip with Bertie the great-grandfather of Elizabeth, the current royal couple descended from Queen Victoria through these two siblings.
Bertie and Alfred 3:55 - the father in law of the younger one was the Tsar, and found it inappropriate that his daughter took second place at various English royal events from everyday dinner to more elaborate events such as weddings, the first place after the Queen being given to the Princess of Wales Alexandra who was Princess from Denmark, tiny compared to his Russia.
Louise and Helena 4:00 - 4:06, quite a transformation here from sullen little girls to pleasant, lovely young women!
Without more information this one at 4:12 - 4:16 titled Vicky and Beatrice is slightly confusing, because Vicky here looking so young couldn't be the first daughter of Queen Victoria, is this Vicky the Princess of Hesse and Darmstadt the daughter of Alice, making this the photograph of two women who were aunt and niece before Beatrice married the niece's brother in law, making them sisters in law? At 4:18 - 4:23 though, Beatrice does look younger, but not by much, so the confusion stays.
Alice and Vicky here 4:37 - 4:51 are presumably daughters of Queen Victoria, both unhappy in their life in different ways, their children and grandchildren going on to play major roles in events to come!
Nice 6:19. Before WWI, of course! Wonder how often they met after the war.
A conversation below the original YT video with information on the topic quoted here:-
Rachel Green
It would interesting to see each child's descendants and who they are today. We know the Queen is from Edward's line. But what about the other offspring?
Gerada Nelson
Rachel Green >
Carol Lopez
The German Kaiser Wilhelm was her grandson, for one
Does that help a little bit?
Carol Lopez
Also, Prince Phillip's mother was her granddaughter, I think.
wholeNwon
@Carol Lopez He is pictured with his mother (Empress) Victoria.
Patricia Bilinkas
Rachel Green Leopold was a hemophiliac and died at about thirty. Alice died young, too. Then Victoria’s grandchildren started to die from diseases such as typhus and diphtheria. That must have been horrendous for her and the parents.
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Leopold lived long enough to father children, including Princess Alice who lived a very long life dying in the 1980s as I recall. There used to be a YT video of HRH describing a few aspects of her life.
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon I believe Alice died while the Queen was still alive, but some of her other daughters did live to old age. Vicky died of breast cancer five months after her mother passed. Some of the daughters carried the hemophilia gene, which they passed on. I wonder if it is anywhere today in the RF.
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas I was referring to Q. Victoria's granddaughter, Alice, daughter of Prince Leopold. Of course, Empress Alexandra carried the gene and passed it on to her only son where it ended. How did Q. Victoria acquire the gene? Was she a spontaneous mutation?
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon That would be interesting to find out. I just finished the book Victoria the Queen (Baird), which was a comprehensive study of her life. The author was given permission by the Queen to visit the round tower at Windsor, where all the sensitive material on Victoria is kept. It took her years to finally get permission. There was definitely info that the RF wanted kept hidden but she got it from the family of Victoria’s doctor, Dr. Reid, who knew how she wanted to be buried, specifically with John Brown’s mom’s wedding ring on her finger but carefully covered so her children didn’t see it. Fascinating read!
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Dr. Reid was her last Scottish physician in ordinary. She insisted on at least one Scott. Her medical staff was headed by Wm. Jenner and, unfortunately for the world, included Morrell MacKenzie. (sp?). Victoria was a rather bizarre person, even for a monarch. Q. Elizabeth has also given permission for an exhaustive study of the papers of George III at Windsor. He was far better organized than Victoria and his handwriting very legible. He has become a more sympathetic figure.
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon True, she had some pretty bad physicians, especially those attending Albert on his death bed. It makes me wonder if he would have lived if they had the correct diagnosis for him, though they had no idea how to treat anything correctly in those days, and Victoria became a greater monarch with him gone.
HopeSwe
Rachel Green I don’t know all of them by heart, but I do know that the current Swedish King is a descendant of Queen Victoria through Arthur and Leopold . The Norwegian royal family is descended from Queen Victoria through Bertie and the Spanish royal family through Vicky and Beatrice (if I’m not mistaken). :)
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Am not sure they were especially bad for their time. John Snow administered anesthesia for her last 2 deliveries and he was a great contributor to medical science. I don't know whether her Jenner was descended from Edward Jenner. As to Albert, while he had ample reason for typhoid, he was chronically sickly and likely suffered from crohn's disease of something similar. Not sure that I would consider Victoria "great" but she was certainly better than her 2 immediate predecessors and superior to Geo. I and II. Thinking about it now, the Brits. have had a surprisingly large number of ineffectual monarchs of low moral character.
Her health was undoubtedly adversely affected by her gluttony. She had a fondness for wine, including Veuve Cliquot. I once knew someone who stood very close to her when she last opened Parliament and remembered signs of her having had a stroke already.
Rachel Green
@HopeSwe ty...I like how this video was done....perhaps you could round up the descendants at a later time!
May 67
There is close to nine hundred descendants, today.
Ing-Marie Alnås
@HopeSwe the Danish queen is also a descendent from the same line as the Swedish king, they are cousins...
Joseph Logue
@Carol Lopez Prince Philip's mother was a great-granddaughter: Queen Victoria-->Pss Alice-->Pss Victoria (Hesse)-->Pss Alice (Battenberg)-->P Philip
HopeSwe
Ing-Marie Alnås you’re absolutely right. The Swedish Crown Princess Margaret’s only daughter, Princess Ingrid, married into the Danish Royal family - and Margaret was Queen V’s granddaughter through Prince Arthur. :)
Snow Angel
I find it interesting to see a lot of similar facial features in the current Royal Family. Not so much Diana's children, they have her looks thank goodness. But some of the recent and not so recent royals. I just think it's fascinating how we pass along things especially looks!
goosey mcgooseface
Princess Alice was the mother of Tzarina Alexandra who was murdered with her family in 1918.
Snow Angel - the marriage of George V with Mary of Teck who was daughter of first cousin of Victoria, strengthened the features that you speak of; Victoria herself had married her first cousin through her mother, so in the current royals Alexandra and Diana were the exceptions. Late queen mum Elizabeth the wife of George VI was related, but not close, and the recently married princess Beatrice looks like her.
Another comment, worth quoting, below the original YT video by HopeSwe:-
"Sally Ann Vicky married Emperor Frederick III “Fritz”
Bertie married Princess Alexandra of Denmark “Alix”
Alice married Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse and by Rhine
Alfred married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Louise married John Campbell Marquess of Lorne, later the 9th Duke of Argyll
Arthur married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Leopold married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Beatrice married Prince Henry of Battenberg"
Responding to a comment below the original YT video by kiliipower:-
"Prince Charles could stand in between and he wouldn't stand out, the resemblance is amazing."
snugbug:-
"Exactly ! If you look at all the current (their royal highness') today you can see a variety of different ancestors in their features."
Victoria, George V and Elizabeth, each married a cousin, all from same clan, so of course the mould got emphasised. Alexandra and Diana were much needed fresh blood infusion.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XaBtB5JmKG8
................................................................................................
About another video titled
"Queen Victoria: 18 facts about one of Britain's longest-reigning monarchs",
a vital correction.
Correction 3:45 - 4:15, India was not a part of British empire when Victoria became queen, although it was a British supposedly commercial company - British East India company - meddling in India's politics; after 1857, Victoria declared her government taking control of British affairs in India directly, but they were not in complete control by their own admission recorded, to the effect that they could never be certain of their footing in India, not until Maratha empire was extinguished in all but name. Pune by this admission was the last bastion, and this control wasn't lost in a battle but in natural death of the person who was far too smart and alert for the British games to succeed. After him, with a swift change in game, Pune became the capital of reform and resurgence.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nPPSKFwaSvs
Quoted from blurb:-
Victoria "Vicky" 1840 - 1901
Albert Edward "Bertie" 1841 - 1910
Alice 1843 - 1878
Alfred "Affie" 1844 - 1900
Helena "Lenchen" 1846 - 1923
Louise 1848 - 1939
Arthur 1850 - 1942
Leopold 1853 - 1884
Beatrice "Baby" 1857 - 1944
All nine of them 0:08.
Vicky the Princess Royal Victoria, looks so very daring to hope here 0:16, before she married and experienced the hostility of Germany due to her being English! Funny, her father had faced the same for being German, and yet he was a first cousin of Victoria and the whole Hanover royal family was German too, which only changed slightly with Alexandra but turned back with Mary the next queen consort after Alexandra. Vicky had an unhappy life, on the whole, her husband died as Kaiser before coronation and never was in charge until too sick, and her son (cousin Willy to his cousins the other grandchildren of Queen Victoria) was much too abrasive to put it mildly.
Bertie the upright Prince of Wales 0:30 changes with years, to Bertie the sprightly young Prince of Wales 0:32, to Bertie the chafing at bit Prince of Wales 0:35, to Bertie the slightly frustrated for doing nothing while waiting as Prince of Wales 0:38, to Bertie the by now patient and resigned Edward VII finally 0:41.
Alice the delicate one who married into the Hesse and Darmstadt ruling Battenberg relatives and had children who were to go on to have such key positions in the tragic events to come and further, but didn't even survive to see them grow up! Her daughter Vicky, Princess Victoria of Hesse and Darmstadt, married her first cousin Louis Battenberg from the morganatic marriage of her uncle, and was to be the maternal grandmother to Philip via her daughter Alice whose own life was quite sad. Another daughter Ella, Princess Elizabeth of Hesse and Darmstadt married Sergei Romanov, uncle of Tsar to be Nicholas II who married the youngest one Alexandra, and the third daughter Irina married the brother of Kaiser Wilhelm and a cousin - all married their cousins, all married for love. As WWI came, the first casualty was the cutting off of the usual rounds of visits and other constant communications between various siblings and cousins across Europe, especially those living in England - which included the Battenberg clan members - severing connections with relatives in Germany, and then of course the gruesome murders of Ella, Alexandra and her family, and other Romanov cousins and relatives. Mother of Tsar Nicholas II, the dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna who survived, was a sister of Queen Alexandra of England, while grandmother empress Maria Fedorovna was a Battenberg Princess of Hesse and Darmstadt, sister of this Princess Alice's father in law.
Alfred 1:06 who married the Tsar's daughter Marie, a cousin through German relatives, thus making a trio of sibling pairs from royals of England, Russia and Denmark who intermarried each other and were three couples, Edward VII and Alexandra, Princess Dagmar 'Maria Fedorovna' and Tsar Alexander II, and Prince Alfred and Princess Marie of Russia. Alfred was duke of Edinburgh 1:16, later Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta. His daughter Marie was to be Queen of Romania, after her marriage with another German cousin. In August 1893, he inherited the duchy on the death of his childless uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His wife the Russian princess Marie had, from 1893 until her death, the distinction of being an Imperial Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British royal Duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign Duke.
Helena 1:34 the good-looking one.
Louise 1:41 had the most beautiful tiara especially designed and ordered for her by her husband at the wedding, the Fife tiara, that rivals the Russian and English royal tiaras in beauty and more. Wish the video had included a photograph of her wearing it.
Arthur 1:53 - 2:07.
Leopold 2:11 - 2:24.
Beatrice 2:25 - 2:40 the youngest married another Battenberg who was the younger brother of her niece Victoria's husband (son in law of the then late Princess alice who was her sister), and a first cousin of the Hesse and Darmstadt cousins.
These intermarriage of the various royal clans of Europe, not only amongst cousins but across generations and often with a sister marrying the nephew of a brother in law or an aunt marrying the younger brother of her sister's son in law, not to mention several intermarriage generation to generation so that people are simultaneously first cousins, second cousins, and more, are hard to keep track of without a 3D graph with multicolour threads to define relationships!
All five daughters of Victoria 2:43 - 2:48, and 2:48 - 2:52 all four sons. The sons together are all grown, while the daughters together are various ages, perhaps because once they began to marry and disperse across Europe and get busy with their own families, it was difficult to get them together in such a photograph.
If one didn't know, this could be any relatively well off family of the time 3:10 - 3:18!
This 3:35 is titled Leopold, Louise and Arthur - but obviously they are standing behind, with the group seated in front including their mother, the presumably new sister in law Alexandra, and a few of the grandchildren of Queen Victoria.
Alice and Bertie 3:51 - Alice the great-grandmother of Philip with Bertie the great-grandfather of Elizabeth, the current royal couple descended from Queen Victoria through these two siblings.
Bertie and Alfred 3:55 - the father in law of the younger one was the Tsar, and found it inappropriate that his daughter took second place at various English royal events from everyday dinner to more elaborate events such as weddings, the first place after the Queen being given to the Princess of Wales Alexandra who was Princess from Denmark, tiny compared to his Russia.
Louise and Helena 4:00 - 4:06, quite a transformation here from sullen little girls to pleasant, lovely young women!
Without more information this one at 4:12 - 4:16 titled Vicky and Beatrice is slightly confusing, because Vicky here looking so young couldn't be the first daughter of Queen Victoria, is this Vicky the Princess of Hesse and Darmstadt the daughter of Alice, making this the photograph of two women who were aunt and niece before Beatrice married the niece's brother in law, making them sisters in law? At 4:18 - 4:23 though, Beatrice does look younger, but not by much, so the confusion stays.
Nice 6:19. Before WWI, of course! Wonder how often they met after the war.
A conversation below the original YT video with information on the topic quoted here:-
Rachel Green
It would interesting to see each child's descendants and who they are today. We know the Queen is from Edward's line. But what about the other offspring?
Gerada Nelson
Rachel Green >
Carol Lopez
The German Kaiser Wilhelm was her grandson, for one
Does that help a little bit?
Carol Lopez
Also, Prince Phillip's mother was her granddaughter, I think.
wholeNwon
@Carol Lopez He is pictured with his mother (Empress) Victoria.
Patricia Bilinkas
Rachel Green Leopold was a hemophiliac and died at about thirty. Alice died young, too. Then Victoria’s grandchildren started to die from diseases such as typhus and diphtheria. That must have been horrendous for her and the parents.
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Leopold lived long enough to father children, including Princess Alice who lived a very long life dying in the 1980s as I recall. There used to be a YT video of HRH describing a few aspects of her life.
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon I believe Alice died while the Queen was still alive, but some of her other daughters did live to old age. Vicky died of breast cancer five months after her mother passed. Some of the daughters carried the hemophilia gene, which they passed on. I wonder if it is anywhere today in the RF.
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas I was referring to Q. Victoria's granddaughter, Alice, daughter of Prince Leopold. Of course, Empress Alexandra carried the gene and passed it on to her only son where it ended. How did Q. Victoria acquire the gene? Was she a spontaneous mutation?
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon That would be interesting to find out. I just finished the book Victoria the Queen (Baird), which was a comprehensive study of her life. The author was given permission by the Queen to visit the round tower at Windsor, where all the sensitive material on Victoria is kept. It took her years to finally get permission. There was definitely info that the RF wanted kept hidden but she got it from the family of Victoria’s doctor, Dr. Reid, who knew how she wanted to be buried, specifically with John Brown’s mom’s wedding ring on her finger but carefully covered so her children didn’t see it. Fascinating read!
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Dr. Reid was her last Scottish physician in ordinary. She insisted on at least one Scott. Her medical staff was headed by Wm. Jenner and, unfortunately for the world, included Morrell MacKenzie. (sp?). Victoria was a rather bizarre person, even for a monarch. Q. Elizabeth has also given permission for an exhaustive study of the papers of George III at Windsor. He was far better organized than Victoria and his handwriting very legible. He has become a more sympathetic figure.
Patricia Bilinkas
wholeNwon True, she had some pretty bad physicians, especially those attending Albert on his death bed. It makes me wonder if he would have lived if they had the correct diagnosis for him, though they had no idea how to treat anything correctly in those days, and Victoria became a greater monarch with him gone.
HopeSwe
Rachel Green I don’t know all of them by heart, but I do know that the current Swedish King is a descendant of Queen Victoria through Arthur and Leopold . The Norwegian royal family is descended from Queen Victoria through Bertie and the Spanish royal family through Vicky and Beatrice (if I’m not mistaken). :)
wholeNwon
@Patricia Bilinkas Am not sure they were especially bad for their time. John Snow administered anesthesia for her last 2 deliveries and he was a great contributor to medical science. I don't know whether her Jenner was descended from Edward Jenner. As to Albert, while he had ample reason for typhoid, he was chronically sickly and likely suffered from crohn's disease of something similar. Not sure that I would consider Victoria "great" but she was certainly better than her 2 immediate predecessors and superior to Geo. I and II. Thinking about it now, the Brits. have had a surprisingly large number of ineffectual monarchs of low moral character.
Her health was undoubtedly adversely affected by her gluttony. She had a fondness for wine, including Veuve Cliquot. I once knew someone who stood very close to her when she last opened Parliament and remembered signs of her having had a stroke already.
Rachel Green
@HopeSwe ty...I like how this video was done....perhaps you could round up the descendants at a later time!
May 67
There is close to nine hundred descendants, today.
Ing-Marie Alnås
@HopeSwe the Danish queen is also a descendent from the same line as the Swedish king, they are cousins...
Joseph Logue
@Carol Lopez Prince Philip's mother was a great-granddaughter: Queen Victoria-->Pss Alice-->Pss Victoria (Hesse)-->Pss Alice (Battenberg)-->P Philip
HopeSwe
Ing-Marie Alnås you’re absolutely right. The Swedish Crown Princess Margaret’s only daughter, Princess Ingrid, married into the Danish Royal family - and Margaret was Queen V’s granddaughter through Prince Arthur. :)
Snow Angel
I find it interesting to see a lot of similar facial features in the current Royal Family. Not so much Diana's children, they have her looks thank goodness. But some of the recent and not so recent royals. I just think it's fascinating how we pass along things especially looks!
goosey mcgooseface
Princess Alice was the mother of Tzarina Alexandra who was murdered with her family in 1918.
Snow Angel - the marriage of George V with Mary of Teck who was daughter of first cousin of Victoria, strengthened the features that you speak of; Victoria herself had married her first cousin through her mother, so in the current royals Alexandra and Diana were the exceptions. Late queen mum Elizabeth the wife of George VI was related, but not close, and the recently married princess Beatrice looks like her.
Another comment, worth quoting, below the original YT video by HopeSwe:-
"Sally Ann Vicky married Emperor Frederick III “Fritz”
Bertie married Princess Alexandra of Denmark “Alix”
Alice married Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse and by Rhine
Alfred married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Louise married John Campbell Marquess of Lorne, later the 9th Duke of Argyll
Arthur married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Leopold married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Beatrice married Prince Henry of Battenberg"
Responding to a comment below the original YT video by kiliipower:-
"Prince Charles could stand in between and he wouldn't stand out, the resemblance is amazing."
snugbug:-
"Exactly ! If you look at all the current (their royal highness') today you can see a variety of different ancestors in their features."
Victoria, George V and Elizabeth, each married a cousin, all from same clan, so of course the mould got emphasised. Alexandra and Diana were much needed fresh blood infusion.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XaBtB5JmKG8
................................................................................................
About another video titled
"Queen Victoria: 18 facts about one of Britain's longest-reigning monarchs",
a vital correction.
Correction 3:45 - 4:15, India was not a part of British empire when Victoria became queen, although it was a British supposedly commercial company - British East India company - meddling in India's politics; after 1857, Victoria declared her government taking control of British affairs in India directly, but they were not in complete control by their own admission recorded, to the effect that they could never be certain of their footing in India, not until Maratha empire was extinguished in all but name. Pune by this admission was the last bastion, and this control wasn't lost in a battle but in natural death of the person who was far too smart and alert for the British games to succeed. After him, with a swift change in game, Pune became the capital of reform and resurgence.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nPPSKFwaSvs
